Discrete probability distribution

Discrete Uniform distribution

X ~ DiscreteUniform(a, b)

Every integer from a to b is equally likely. It models perfectly fair, finite outcomes and underlies fair dice and random integer selection.

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Key facts

Notation
X ~ DiscreteUniform(a, b)
Type
discrete
Parameters
a, b — smallest and largest integer values
Support
{a, a+1, …, b}, with n = b − a + 1 values
PMF
P(X = k) = 1 / n, for each integer a ≤ k ≤ b
Mean
(a + b) / 2
Variance
(n² − 1) / 12

When to use it

  • Rolling a fair die
  • Picking a random integer in a range
  • A fair lottery draw

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