Discrete probability distribution

Bernoulli distribution

X ~ Bernoulli(p)

A single trial with two outcomes — success (1) or failure (0). It is the simplest distribution in probability and the building block of the Binomial: a Binomial is just the count of successes across many independent Bernoulli trials.

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Key facts

Notation
X ~ Bernoulli(p)
Type
discrete
Parameters
p — success probability (0–1)
Support
{0, 1}
PMF
P(X = k) = pᵏ (1 − p)¹⁻ᵏ, k ∈ {0, 1}
Mean
p
Variance
p(1 − p)

When to use it

  • A single coin flip
  • One yes/no or pass/fail event
  • Whether one visitor converts
  • Whether a single item is defective

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