UGC NET-JRF
Qualify NET, win the JRF — without the guesswork.
Latest pattern, full syllabus, qualifying rules, and a strategic prep plan — all in one place.
Free books
A book for every paper.
100% free · opens in new tab
Paper 1 · Common
General Paper 1
Teaching & Research Aptitude — all 10 units.
Browse the book
Paper 2 · Code 17
Management
HRM, OB, finance, strategy, marketing, ops — all 10 units.
Browse the book
Paper 2 · Code 08
Commerce
Accounting, finance, business environment, marketing — all 10 units.
Browse the book
Paper 2 · Code 55
Labour Welfare / PM / IR
LSW, HRM, industrial relations, social security — all 10 units.
Browse the bookPapers
2
Paper 1 · Paper 2
Total Marks
300
100 + 200 · 150 Qns
Duration
3h
Single sitting
Qualifying
40% / 35%
General · Reserved
Eligibility & cycle
- • Master's degree with 55% (50% reserved); final-year students may apply.
- • No upper age limit for NET (Assistant Professor); JRF capped at 30 years (with reservation extensions).
- • Two cycles per year — typically June and December (announcements vary by year).
- • June 2026 fee: ₹1,150 General / ₹600 EWS & OBC-NCL / ₹325 SC, ST, PwD, PwBD, Third gender. See full schedule →
Official source
Latest notification & syllabus
NTA / UGC publishes the official notification, Paper 2 syllabi, and registration windows for each cycle. Always cross-check current cycle dates and eligibility on the official site.
Visit NTA UGC NET siteImportant dates
June 2026 cycle is live.
NTA opened registration on 29 April 2026 with the exam window 22–30 June 2026. December dates are typically announced in October.
Active
Apply on ugcnet.nta.nic.in
JUN
First cycle
June 2026
Application window29 Apr – 20 May 2026
Last date for fee payment20 May 2026 (11:50 PM)
Form correction window22 – 24 May 2026
Exam city intimationBy 10 Jun 2026
Admit cardBy 15 Jun 2026
Exam dates22 – 30 Jun 2026
Mode & durationCBT · 3 hrs (no break)
DEC
Second cycle
December cycle
NotificationOct – Nov
Application windowOct – Nov
Exam datesDec (TBA)
ResultJan / Feb
Updated as soon as NTA announces the December 2026 schedule.
June 2026 fee
Application fee
Payable via Net Banking, Debit Card, Credit Card or UPI on the NTA portal. Bank/payment-gateway charges & GST are extra.
- General / Unreserved ₹1,150
- Gen-EWS / OBC-NCL ₹600
- SC / ST / PwD / PwBD / Third gender ₹325
Three qualifying categories
One exam, three outcomes.
From June 2024 onwards UGC-NET is the single qualifier for JRF, Assistant Professor recruitment, and PhD admission. Your score against subject-wise cutoffs decides which slot you fall into.
1
Award of JRF + Assistant Professor + PhD admission
Top tier. JRF age cap 30 (with category extensions), Master's 55% / 50% reserved.
2
Assistant Professor + PhD admission
No JRF, but eligible for AP recruitment and PhD entrance. No upper age limit.
3
PhD admission only
Score valid for one year for PhD entrance under UGC's 2022 Regulations. No JRF, no AP.
Exam pattern
Two papers. Three hours. One sitting.
Both papers are written back-to-back without a break. Paper 1 tests teaching & research aptitude; Paper 2 is your subject.
Marks weightage
300 marks · 150 questions
Paper 1 · 100 marks (33%) Paper 2 · 200 marks (67%)
Paper 1
Teaching & Research Aptitude
50
questions
100
marks
2m
per Q
Common for all candidates — 10 universal units across teaching, research and reasoning.
Paper 2
Subject paper
100
questions
200
marks
2m
per Q
Choose your subject — Management, Commerce, HRM & Labour Welfare, etc.
3-hour duration, no break No negative marking Online (CBT) mode Objective MCQs only
Qualifying rules
What it takes to clear.
Two filters stand between you and the merit list — first a qualifying floor, then a top-percentile slot.
1
Step one
Minimum qualifying marks
Aggregate percentage across both papers combined — the floor for being considered at all.
General / Unreserved 40%
OBC / SC / ST / PwD 35%
2
Step two
Merit list & cut-off
Final ranks are subject-wise & category-wise — clearing Step 1 is just the door.
Assistant Professor (NET) Top 6%
JRF (within NET-qualified) Subject slots
Syllabus
The syllabus, unit by unit.
Tap any unit to expand its full breakdown — each one carries a link to its full chapter in the free books above. Always cross-check with the official UGC NET syllabus before exam day.
Paper 1 · Common for all
Teaching & Research Aptitude
00 Subject code
Common Paper
Subject code
Common Paper
Unit I: Teaching Aptitude
- Teaching: Concept, Objectives, Levels of teaching (Memory, Understanding and Reflective), Characteristics and basic requirements.
- Learner’s characteristics: Characteristics of adolescent and adult learners (Academic, Social, Emotional and Cognitive), Individual differences.
- Factors affecting teaching related to: Teacher, Learner, Support material, Instructional facilities, Learning environment and Institution.
- Methods of teaching in Institutions of higher learning: Teacher centred vs. Learner centred methods; Off-line vs. On-line methods (Swayam, Swayamprabha, MOOCs etc.).
- Teaching Support System: Traditional, Modern and ICT based.
- Evaluation Systems: Elements and Types of evaluation, Evaluation in Choice Based Credit System in Higher education, Computer based testing, Innovations in evaluation systems.
Unit II: Research Aptitude
- Research: Meaning, Types, and Characteristics, Positivism and Post-positivistic approach to research.
- Methods of Research: Experimental, Descriptive, Historical, Qualitative and Quantitative methods.
- Steps of Research.
- Thesis and Article writing: Format and styles of referencing.
- Application of ICT in research.
- Research ethics.
Unit III: Comprehension
- A passage of text be given. Questions be asked from the passage to be answered.
Unit IV: Communication
- Communication: Meaning, types and characteristics of communication.
- Effective communication: Verbal and Non-verbal, Inter-Cultural and group communications, Classroom communication.
- Barriers to effective communication.
- Mass-Media and Society.
Unit V: Mathematical Reasoning
- Types of reasoning.
- Number series, Letter series, Codes and Relationships.
- Mathematical Aptitude (Fraction, Time & Distance, Ratio, Proportion and Percentage, Profit and Loss, Interest and Discounting, Averages etc.).
Unit VI: Logical Reasoning
- Understanding the structure of arguments: argument forms, structure of categorical propositions, Mood and Figure, Formal and Informal fallacies, Uses of language, Connotations and denotations of terms, Classical square of opposition.
- Evaluating and distinguishing deductive and inductive reasoning.
- Analogies.
- Venn diagram: Simple and multiple use for establishing validity of arguments.
- Indian Logic: Means of knowledge.
- Pramanas: Pratyaksha (Perception), Anumana (Inference), Upamana (Comparison), Shabda (Verbal testimony), Arthapatti (Implication) and Anupalabddhi (Non-apprehension).
- Structure and kinds of Anumana (inference), Vyapti (invariable relation), Hetvabhasas (fallacies of inference).
Unit VII: Data Interpretation
- Sources, acquisition and classification of Data.
- Quantitative and Qualitative Data.
- Graphical representation (Bar-chart, Histograms, Pie-chart, Table-chart and Line-chart) and mapping of Data.
- Data Interpretation.
- Data and Governance.
Unit VIII: ICT
- ICT: General abbreviations and terminology.
- Basics of Internet, Intranet, E-mail, Audio and Video-conferencing.
- Digital initiatives in higher education.
- ICT and Governance.
Unit IX: People & Environment
- Development and environment: Millennium development and Sustainable development goals.
- Human and environment interaction: Anthropogenic activities and their impacts on environment.
- Environmental issues: Local, Regional and Global; Air pollution, Water pollution, Soil pollution, Noise pollution, Waste (solid, liquid, biomedical, hazardous, electronic), Climate change and its Socio-Economic and Political dimensions.
- Impacts of pollutants on human health.
- Natural and energy resources: Solar, Wind, Soil, Hydro, Geothermal, Biomass, Nuclear and Forests.
- Natural hazards and disasters: Mitigation strategies.
- Environmental Protection Act (1986), National Action Plan on Climate Change, International agreements/efforts - Montreal Protocol, Rio Summit, Convention on Biodiversity, Kyoto Protocol, Paris Agreement, International Solar Alliance.
Unit X: Higher Education System
- Institutions of higher learning and education in ancient India.
- Evolution of higher learning and research in Post Independence India.
- Oriental, Conventional and Non-conventional learning programmes in India.
- Professional, Technical and Skill Based education.
- Value education and environmental education.
- Policies, Governance, and Administration.
Paper 2 · Choose your subject
Subject paper
17 Subject code
Management
Subject code
Management
Unit I: Management & Managerial Economics
- Management – Concept, Process, Theories and Approaches, Management Roles and Skills
- Functions – Planning, Organizing, Staffing, Coordinating and Controlling.
- Communication – Types, Process and Barriers.
- Decision Making – Concept, Process, Techniques and Tools
- Organisation Structure and Design – Types, Authority, Responsibility, Centralisation, Decentralisation and Span of Control
- Managerial Economics – Concept & Importance
- Demand analysis – Utility Analysis, Indifference Curve, Elasticity & Forecasting
- Market Structures – Market Classification & Price Determination
- National Income – Concept, Types and Measurement
- Inflation – Concept, Types and Measurement
- Business Ethics & CSR
- Ethical Issues & Dilemma
- Corporate Governance
- Value Based Organisation
Unit II: OB & Core HRM
- Organisational Behaviour – Significance & Theories
- Individual Behaviour – Personality, Perception, Values, Attitude, Learning and Motivation
- Group Behaviour – Team Building, Leadership, Group Dynamics
- Interpersonal Behaviour & Transactional Analysis
- Organizational Culture & Climate
- Work Force Diversity & Cross Culture Organisational Behaviour
- Emotions and Stress Management
- Organisational Justice and Whistle Blowing
- Human Resource Management – Concept, Perspectives, Influences and Recent Trends
- Human Resource Planning, Recruitment and Selection, Induction, Training and Development
- Job Analysis, Job Evaluation and Compensation Management
Unit III: Advanced HRM, OD & IR
- Strategic Role of Human Resource Management
- Competency Mapping & Balanced Scoreboard
- Career Planning and Development
- Performance Management and Appraisal
- Organization Development, Change & OD Interventions
- Talent Management & Skill Development
- Employee Engagement & Work Life Balance
- Industrial Relations: Disputes & Grievance Management, Labour Welfare and Social Security
- Trade Union & Collective Bargaining
- International Human Resource Management – HR Challenge of International Business
- Green HRM
Unit IV: Accounting & Financial Management
- Accounting Principles and Standards, Preparation of Financial Statements
- Financial Statement Analysis – Ratio Analysis, Funds Flow and Cash Flow Analysis, DuPont Analysis
- Preparation of Cost Sheet, Marginal Costing, Cost Volume Profit Analysis
- Standard Costing & Variance Analysis
- Financial Management, Concept & Functions
- Capital Structure – Theories, Cost of Capital, Sources and Finance
- Budgeting and Budgetary Control, Types and Process, Zero base Budgeting
- Leverages – Operating, Financial and Combined Leverages, EBIT–EPS Analysis, Financial Breakeven Point & Indifference Level.
Unit V: Investment, Corporate Finance & IFM
- Value & Returns – Time Preference for Money, Valuation of Bonds and Shares, Risk and Returns;
- Capital Budgeting – Nature of Investment, Evaluation, Comparison of Methods; Risk and Uncertainly Analysis
- Dividend – Theories and Determination
- Mergers and Acquisition – Corporate Restructuring, Value Creation, Merger Negotiations, Leveraged Buyouts, Takeover
- Portfolio Management – CAPM, APT
- Derivatives – Options, Option Payoffs, Option Pricing, Forward Contracts & Future Contracts
- Working Capital Management – Determinants, Cash, Inventory, Receivables and Payables Management, Factoring
- International Financial Management, Foreign exchange market
Unit VI: Strategy & Marketing Foundations
- Strategic Management – Concept, Process, Decision & Types
- Strategic Analysis – External Analysis, PEST, Porter’s Approach to industry analysis, Internal Analysis – Resource Based Approach, Value Chain Analysis
- Strategy Formulation – SWOT Analysis, Corporate Strategy – Growth, Stability, Retrenchment, Integration and Diversification, Business Portfolio Analysis - BCG, GE Business Model, Ansoff’s Product Market Growth Matrix
- Strategy Implementation – Challenges of Change, Developing Programs
- Mckinsey 7s Framework
- Marketing – Concept, Orientation, Trends and Tasks, Customer Value and Satisfaction
- Market Segmentation, Positioning and Targeting
- Product and Pricing Decision – Product Mix, Product Life Cycle, New Product development, Pricing – Types and Strategies
- Place and promotion decision – Marketing channels and value networks, VMS, IMC, Advertising and Sales promotion
Unit VII: Consumer, Branding, SCM & Services
- Consumer and Industrial Buying Behaviour: Theories and Models of Consumer Behaviour
- Brand Management – Role of Brands, Brand Equity, Equity Models, Developing a Branding Strategy; Brand Name Decisions, Brand Extensions and Loyalty
- Logistics and Supply Chain Management, Drivers, Value creation, Supply Chain Design, Designing and Managing Sales Force, Personal Selling
- Service Marketing – Managing Service Quality and Brands, Marketing Strategies of Service Firms
- Customer Relationship Marketing – Relationship Building, Strategies, Values and Process
- Retail Marketing – Recent Trends in India, Types of Retail Outlets.
- Emerging Trends in Marketing – Concept of e-Marketing, Direct Marketing, Digital Marketing and Green Marketing
- International Marketing – Entry Mode Decisions, Planning Marketing Mix for International Markets
Unit VIII: Stats, Ops & OR
- Statistics for Management: Concept, Measures Of Central Tendency and Dispersion, Probability Distribution – Binominal, Poison, Normal and Exponential
- Data Collection & Questionnaire Design
- Sampling – Concept, Process and Techniques
- Hypothesis Testing – Procedure; T, Z, F, Chi-square tests
- Correlation and Regression Analysis
- Operations Management – Role and Scope
- Facility Location and Layout – Site Selection and Analysis, Layout – Design and Process
- Enterprise Resource Planning – ERP Modules, ERP implementation
- Scheduling; Loading, Sequencing and Monitoring
- Quality Management and Statistical Quality Control, Quality Circles, Total Quality Management – KAIZEN, Benchmarking, Six Sigma; ISO 9000 Series Standards
- Operation Research – Transportation, Queuing Decision Theory, PERT / CPM
Unit IX: International Business & IT
- International Business – Managing Business in Globalization Era; Theories of International Trade; Balance of payment
- Foreign Direct Investment – Benefits and Costs
- Multilateral regulation of Trade and Investment under WTO
- International Trade Procedures and Documentation; EXIM Policies
- Role of International Financial Institutions – IMF and World Bank
- Information Technology – Use of Computers in Management Applications; MIS, DSS
- Artificial Intelligence and Big Data
- Data Warehousing, Data Mining and Knowledge Management – Concepts
- Managing Technological Change
Unit X: Entrepreneurship
- Entrepreneurship Development – Concept, Types, Theories and Process, Developing Entrepreneurial Competencies
- Intrapreneurship – Concept and Process
- Women Entrepreneurship and Rural Entrepreneurship
- Innovations in Business – Types of Innovations, Creating and Identifying Opportunities, Screening of Business Ideas
- Business Plan and Feasibility Analysis – Concept and Process of Technical, Market and Financial Analysis
- Micro and Small Scale Industries in India; Role of Government in Promoting SSI
- Sickness in Small Industries – Reasons and Rehabilitation
- Institutional Finance to Small Industries – Financial Institutions, Commercial Banks, Cooperative Banks, Micro Finance.
08 Subject code
Commerce
Subject code
Commerce
Unit 1: Business Environment and International Business
- Concepts and elements of business environment: Economic environment- Economic systems, Economic policies(Monetary and fiscal policies); Political environment- Role of government in business; Legal environment- Consumer Protection Act, FEMA; Socio-cultural factors and their influence on business; Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
- Scope and importance of international business; Globalization and its drivers; Modes of entry into international business
- Theories of international trade; Government intervention in international trade; Tariff and non-tariff barriers; India’s foreign trade policy
- Foreign direct investment (FDI) and Foreign portfolio investment (FPI); Types of FDI, Costs and benefits of FDI to home and host countries; Trends in FDI; India’s FDI policy
- Balance of payments (BOP): Importance and components of BOP
- Regional Economic Integration: Levels of Regional Economic Integration; Trade creation and diversion effects; Regional Trade Agreements: European Union (EU), ASEAN, SAARC, NAFTA
- International Economic institutions: IMF, World Bank, UNCTAD
- World Trade Organisation (WTO): Functions and objectives of WTO; Agriculture Agreement; GATS; TRIPS; TRIMS
Unit 2: Accounting and Auditing
- Basic accounting principles; concepts and postulates
- Partnership Accounts: Admission, Retirement, Death, Dissolution and Insolvency of partnership firms
- Corporate Accounting: Issue, forfeiture and reissue of shares; Liquidation of companies; Acquisition, merger, amalgamation and reconstruction of companies
- Holding company accounts
- Cost and Management Accounting: Marginal costing and Break-even analysis; Standard costing; Budgetary control; Process costing; Activity Based Costing (ABC); Costing for decision-making; Life cycle costing, Target costing, Kaizen costing and JIT
- Financial Statements Analysis: Ratio analysis; Funds flow Analysis; Cash flow analysis
- Human Resources Accounting; Inflation Accounting; Environmental Accounting
- Indian Accounting Standards and IFRS
- Auditing: Independent financial audit; Vouching; Verification ad valuation of assets and liabilities; Audit of financial statements and audit report; Cost audit
- Recent Trends in Auditing: Management audit; Energy audit; Environment audit; Systems audit; Safety audit
Unit 3: Business Economics
- Meaning and scope of business economics
- Objectives of business firms
- Demand analysis: Law of demand; Elasticity of demand and its measurement; Relationship between AR and MR
- Consumer behavior: Utility analysis; Indifference curve analysis
- Law of Variable Proportions: Law of Returns to Scale
- Theory of cost: Short-run and long-run cost curves
- Price determination under different market forms: Perfect competition; Monopolistic competition; Oligopoly- Price leadership model; Monopoly; Price discrimination
- Pricing strategies: Price skimming; Price penetration; Peak load pricing
Unit 4: Business Finance
- Scope and sources of finance; Lease financing
- Cost of capital and time value of money
- Capital structure
- Capital budgeting decisions: Conventional and scientific techniques of capital budgeting analysis
- Working capital management; Dividend decision: Theories and policies
- Risk and return analysis; Asset securitization
- International monetary system
- Foreign exchange market; Exchange rate risk and hedging techniques
- International financial markets and instruments: Euro currency; GDRs; ADRs
- International arbitrage; Multinational capital budgeting
Unit 5: Business Statistics and Research Methods
- Measures of central tendency
- Measures of dispersion
- Measures of skewness
- Correlation and regression of two variables
- Probability: Approaches to probability; Bayes’ theorem
- Probability distributions: Binomial, poisson and normal distributions
- Research: Concept and types; Research designs
- Data: Collection and classification of data
- Sampling and estimation: Concepts; Methods of sampling - probability and non-probability methods; Sampling distribution; Central limit theorem; Standard error; Statistical estimation
- Hypothesis testing: z-test; t-test; ANOVA; Chi–square test; Mann-Whitney test (U-test); Kruskal-Wallis test (H-test); Rank correlation test
- Report writing
Unit 6: Business Management and Human Resource Management
- Principles and functions of management
- Organization structure: Formal and informal organizations; Span of control
- Responsibility and authority: Delegation of authority and decentralization
- Motivation and leadership: Concept and theories
- Corporate governance and business ethics
- Human resource management: Concept, role and functions of HRM; Human resource planning; Recruitment and selection; Training and development; Succession planning
- Compensation management: Job evaluation; Incentives and fringe benefits
- Performance appraisal including 360 degree performance appraisal
- Collective bargaining and workers’ participation in management
- Personality: Perception; Attitudes; Emotions; Group dynamics; Power and politics; Conflict and negotiation; Stress management
- Organizational Culture: Organizational development and organizational change
Unit 7: Banking and Financial Institutions
- Overview of Indian financial system
- Types of banks: Commercial banks; Regional Rural Banks (RRBs); Foreign banks; Cooperative banks
- Reserve Bank of India: Functions; Role and monetary policy management
- Banking sector reforms in India: Basel norms; Risk management; NPA management
- Financial markets: Money market; Capital market; Government securities market
- Financial Institutions: Development Finance Institutions (DFIs); Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs); Mutual Funds; Pension Funds
- Financial Regulators in India
- Financial sector reforms including financial inclusion
- Digitisation of banking and other financial services: Internet banking; mobile banking; Digital payments systems
- Insurance: Types of insurance- Life and Non-life insurance; Risk classification and management; Factors limiting the insurability of risk; Re-insurance; Regulatory framework of insurance- IRDA and its role
Unit 8: Marketing Management
- Marketing: Concept and approaches; Marketing channels; Marketing mix; Strategic marketing planning; Market segmentation, targeting and positioning
- Product decisions: Concept; Product line; Product mix decisions; Product life cycle; New product development
- Pricing decisions: Factors affecting price determination; Pricing policies and strategies
- Promotion decisions: Role of promotion in marketing; Promotion methods - Advertising; Personal selling; Publicity; Sales promotion tools and techniques; Promotion mix
- Distribution decisions: Channels of distribution; Channel management
- Consumer Behaviour; Consumer buying process; factors influencing consumer buying decisions
- Service marketing
- Trends in marketing: Social marketing; Online marketing; Green marketing; Direct marketing; Rural marketing; CRM
- Logistics management
Unit 9: Legal Aspects of Business
- Indian Contract Act, 1872: Elements of a valid contract; Capacity of parties; Free consent; Discharge of a contract; Breach of contract and remedies against breach; Quasi contracts;
- Special contracts: Contracts of indemnity and guarantee; contracts of bailment and pledge; Contracts of agency
- Sale of Goods Act, 1930: Sale and agreement to sell; Doctrine of Caveat Emptor; Rights of unpaid seller and rights of buyer
- Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881: Types of negotiable instruments; Negotiation and assignment; Dishonour and discharge of negotiable instruments
- The Companies Act, 2013: Nature and kinds of companies; Company formation; Management, meetings and winding up of a joint stock company
- Limited Liability Partnership: Structure and procedure of formation of LLP in India
- The Competition Act, 2002: Objectives and main provisions
- The Information Technology Act, 2000: Objectives and main provisions; Cyber crimes and penalties
- The RTI Act, 2005: Objectives and main provisions
- Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) : Patents, trademarks and copyrights; Emerging issues in intellectual property
- Goods and Services Tax (GST): Objectives and main provisions; Benefits of GST; Implementation mechanism; Working of dual GST
Unit 10: Income-tax and Corporate Tax Planning
- Income-tax: Basic concepts; Residential status and tax incidence; Exempted incomes; Agricultural income; Computation of taxable income under various heads; Deductions from Gross total income; Assessment of Individuals; Clubbing of incomes
- International Taxation: Double taxation and its avoidance mechanism; Transfer pricing
- Corporate Tax Planning: Concepts and significance of corporate tax planning; Tax avoidance versus tax evasion; Techniques of corporate tax planning; Tax considerations in specific business situations: Make or buy decisions; Own or lease an asset; Retain; Renewal or replacement of asset; Shut down or continue operations
- Deduction and collection of tax at source; Advance payment of tax; E-filing of income-tax returns
55 Subject code
Labour Welfare / PM / IR / LSW / HRM
Subject code
Labour Welfare / PM / IR / LSW / HRM
Unit - I
- Principles and Practices of Management: Development of management Thought, Contributions of Taylor, Fayol, Mayo, Mary Parker Follett and C.I. Barnard.
- Behavioural Approach, Systems Approach, Quantitative Approach and Contingency Approach.
- Function of Management: Planning and Decision Making, Organising, Staffing, Directing, Controlling, Coordinating.
Unit - II
- Human Resource Management: Conceptual framework, Human Resource Planning, Job Analysis, Recruitment, Selection, Placement, Induction, Training and Development, Performance Management, Job Evaluation, Compensation Management, Employee Benefits and Incentives, Managing Career.
- New Trends in HRM: Changing environment of HRM and contemporary challenges, Emerging HRM Concepts.
Unit - III
- Human Resource Development (HRD): Concepts, Assumptions, Values, HRD Mechanisms, Action – research Model, HRD Culture and Climate, HRD Interventions, HR Accounting and Audit, Consultant – client relationship, Knowledge Management, Human Resource Information System.
- International Human Resource Management (IHRM): Organisational context of IHRM, IHRM and Sustainable Business, Functions of IHRM, Cross – Cultural Studies, Cultural Diversity, Transnational Organisations, IHRM models.
Unit - IV
- Organisational Behaviour: Concept, Scope, Nature of human behavior, Personality, Perception, Learning, Attitude, Motivation, Interpersonal Behaviour, Group Dynamics, Leadership, Communication, Power and Authority, Stress, Organisational Change and Development.
Unit - V
- Industrial Relations: Concept, Scope, Evolution, Approaches, Actors and Models, Conflict and cooperation, Bi-partitism, Tri-partitism, Collective Bargaining, Workers’ Participation in Management, Grievance Handling and Disciplinary Action, Code of Conduct, Industrial Relations in changing scenario, Employers’ organisations.
- Trade Unions: Concepts, Evolution, Problems of trade unions in India, Recognition, The Trade Unions Act, 1926. Emerging role of trade unions in India.
Unit - VI
- Industrial Disputes: Factors, Forms, Trends, Prevention and Settlement, Role of State and Central Labour Administration, Strikes and Lockouts. The Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act, 1946. The Industrial Disputes Act, 1947.
Unit - VII
- Labour Legislation:
- Objectives, Principles, Classification and Evolution. International Labour Organisation, Social Justice and Labour Legislation, Indian Constitution and Labour Laws.
- The Factories Act, 1948.
- The Mines Act, 1952.
- The Inter-state Migrant Workmen (Regulation of employment and conditions of service) Act, 1979.
- The Contract Labour (Regulation and Abolition) Act, 1970.
- The Building and other Construction workers (Regulation of employment and conditions of service) Act, 1996.
- The Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 1986.
Unit - VIII
- Wages:
- Concept, Types, Factors influencing wages, Wage Theories and Wage Differentials
- The Minimum Wages Act, 1948.
- The Payment of Wages Act, 1936.
- The Payment of Bonus Act, 1965.
- The Equal Remuneration Act, 1976.
- The Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972.
- The Employees’ Provident Fund and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952.
Unit - IX
- Labour Welfare: Concept, Scope, Types, Theories and Principles, Industrial Health and Hygiene, Industrial Accidents and safety, Occupational Diseases
- Social Security: Concept and Scope, Social Assistance and Social assurance.
Unit - X
- Labour Market:
- Features, Demand and Supply of Labour, Nature and Composition of Indian Labour Force, Unemployment and Underemployment, Types of Labour Market,
- Characteristics of Indian Labour Market, New Dynamics of Labour Market in India, Economic Systems and Labor Market, Problems of Labour in India.
Prep plan
A strategic 5-month plan.
Roughly 5 months from syllabus walk-through to exam day. Adjust to your timeline.
- 1
Months 1–2 · Paper 1 mastery
Build the General base
Cover all 10 Paper 1 units (Teaching, Research, Comprehension, Communication, Mathematical & Logical Reasoning, DI, ICT, People & Environment, Higher Education). These 50 questions are universal — getting them right is the easiest path to clearing the qualifying cut-off.
- Cover all 10 Paper 1 units sequentially
- 50 mixed-Paper-1 questions per week
- Read 1 research-aptitude or higher-education article per day
- 2
Months 3–4 · Paper 2 deep dive
Subject mastery
Pick your subject (Management / Commerce / Labour Welfare / others) and work through it unit by unit. Make condensed notes per unit so revision later takes hours, not weeks.
- One Paper 2 unit per week — read, summarise, self-test
- Solve subject-wise past papers as you finish each unit
- Keep an error log of weak topics for a final-month sweep
- 3
Month 5 · Mock & revise
Simulate & refine
Full-length mocks (Paper 1 + Paper 2 in one 3-hour sitting) once a week. The goal isn't more practice — it's analysing each mock thoroughly and tightening time-management.
- 1 full-length mock per week, in a single 3-hour block
- Spend 2× the test time on analysis afterwards
- Revise weak units from your error log; no new content
FAQ
Frequently asked.
The questions candidates ask us most about UGC NET & JRF.
What is the exam pattern for UGC NET?
What is the exam pattern for UGC NET?
UGC NET consists of two papers conducted in a single 3-hour session. Paper 1 (50 questions, 100 marks) tests teaching and research aptitude — common for all candidates. Paper 2 (100 questions, 200 marks) is subject-specific. Total: 150 questions, 300 marks. See the full pattern →
How are NET qualifying and JRF selection decided?
How are NET qualifying and JRF selection decided?
First filter: minimum aggregate marks across Paper 1 + Paper 2 — 40% for General/Unreserved, 35% for OBC/SC/ST/PwD. From candidates clearing this floor, the top 6% qualify for NET (Assistant Professor). JRF is awarded to the highest-ranking candidates within the NET-qualified list, based on subject-wise slots. Full qualifying rules →
Where can I get the official UGC NET syllabus?
Where can I get the official UGC NET syllabus?
The official syllabus is published by UGC at ugcnetonline.in. We mirror the unit structure on this page (Detailed Syllabus) for Paper 1, Management (Code 17), Commerce (Code 08), and Labour Welfare/PM/IR/LSW/HRM (Code 55). Always cross-check the latest revision before exam day.
When are the UGC NET cycles & how often is it held?
When are the UGC NET cycles & how often is it held?
UGC NET runs in two cycles per year — the June cycle (notification typically Apr–May, exam in June) and the December cycle (notification Oct–Nov, exam in December). Exact dates are announced by NTA on ugcnet.nta.ac.in. View cycle calendar →
Am I eligible — final-year Master's candidates?
Am I eligible — final-year Master's candidates?
Yes — final-year Master's students may apply, but the qualification is provisional until you produce the Master's mark sheet (with the required minimum: 55% General / 50% Reserved). For NET (Assistant Professor) there's no upper age limit; JRF is capped at 30 years with category-based extensions.
What are the UGC NET June 2026 dates & fee?
What are the UGC NET June 2026 dates & fee?
Application: 29 Apr–20 May 2026 (fee until 11:50 PM on 20 May). Form correction: 22–24 May. Admit card: by 15 Jun. Exam: 22–30 Jun 2026 in CBT mode — 180 minutes, no break between Paper 1 and Paper 2.
Fee: ₹1,150 General / ₹600 EWS & OBC-NCL / ₹325 SC, ST, PwD, PwBD, Third gender (paid via Net Banking, Debit/Credit Card, or UPI). See full schedule →
What are the three categories of UGC NET qualification?
What are the three categories of UGC NET qualification?
From June 2024 onwards, NTA reports your result against three slots:
- Category 1 — JRF + Assistant Professor + PhD admission.
- Category 2 — Assistant Professor + PhD admission (no JRF stipend).
- Category 3 — PhD admission only; score valid for one year under UGC's 2022 PhD Regulations.
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