Discrete probability distribution

Binomial distribution

X ~ Binomial(n, p)

The number of successes in n independent Bernoulli(p) trials. As n grows large it is well approximated by the Normal distribution — the simplest illustration of the Central Limit Theorem.

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Key facts

Notation
X ~ Binomial(n, p)
Type
discrete
Parameters
n — number of independent trials; p — success probability per trial
Support
{0, 1, …, n}
PMF
P(X = k) = C(n, k) · pᵏ (1 − p)ⁿ⁻ᵏ
Mean
np
Variance
np(1 − p)

When to use it

  • Defective items in a batch of n
  • Correct answers on an n-question test
  • Conversions out of n visitors
  • Heads in n coin flips

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