A free, balanced-wording burnout measure with two dimensions — exhaustion and disengagement from work.
| Construct measured | Burnout (exhaustion and disengagement) |
|---|---|
| Developed by | Demerouti, Bakker, Vardakou & Kantas (2003) |
| Original publication | Demerouti, E., Bakker, A. B., Vardakou, I., & Kantas, A. (2003). The convergent validity of two burnout instruments: A multitrait-multimethod analysis. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 19(1), 12–23. |
| Number of items | 16 |
| Response format | 4-point agreement scale (1 = Strongly agree to 4 = Strongly disagree; scoring direction varies by study) |
Subscale alphas are commonly reported around .74–.87; the balanced wording tends to lower alphas slightly relative to the MBI.
Developed within the Job Demands–Resources model; MTMM and CFA evidence supports the two-factor structure and convergent validity with the MBI dimensions. Because it covers both poles (exhaustion–vigor, disengagement–dedication), it is also used to measure engagement as the opposite of burnout.
Employees in all occupational fields, including jobs without client contact; English validation by Halbesleben and Demerouti (2005, Work & Stress).
Germany (original German version; the 2003 validation used Greek samples). Validated translations exist in English, Dutch, Portuguese and several other languages.