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Job Descriptive Index (JDI)

A checklist-format measure of satisfaction with five distinct facets of the job — work, pay, promotion, supervision, and co-workers.

HRMJob Attitudes & CommitmentPermission needed

At a glance

Construct measuredJob satisfaction (facets)
Developed bySmith, Kendall & Hulin (1969)
Original publicationSmith, P. C., Kendall, L. M., & Hulin, C. L. (1969). The measurement of satisfaction in work and retirement: A strategy for the study of attitudes. Rand McNally.
Number of items72 across five facet scales (the companion Job in General scale adds 18 items)
Response formatAdjective and short-phrase checklist: for each descriptor the respondent marks 'Yes', 'No', or '?' (typically scored 3 / 0 / 1)

Dimensions & subscales

Reliability (commonly reported)

Facet-scale alphas are commonly reported in the .80s to low .90s; the Job in General (JIG) scale commonly exceeds .90.

Validity evidence

One of the most thoroughly validated job-attitude instruments: the five-facet structure is well replicated, national norms exist, and convergent validity with the MSQ and global satisfaction measures is well documented, alongside criterion links to withdrawal behaviors. Periodic revisions (1985, 1997, 2009) updated item content.

Populations & contexts

Employees across industries and occupational levels in thousands of studies; norms available by demographic group.

Origin, translations & adaptations

United States (Cornell studies of satisfaction; later stewarded at Bowling Green State University). Translated into numerous languages; validated adaptations exist for several countries.

Licensing & permission

Free for non-commercial academic use (obtain from Bowling Green State University)
The JDI is stewarded by the JDI Research Group at Bowling Green State University. Academic researchers can obtain it free of charge on request; commercial use requires permission.

How to cite (APA 7)

Smith, P. C., Kendall, L. M., & Hulin, C. L. (1969). The measurement of satisfaction in work and retirement: A strategy for the study of attitudes. Rand McNally.

Short versions & notable variants

Related scales

Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) — Short FormFacet-based alternativeOverall Job Satisfaction (Brayfield–Rothe / Judge 5-item)Short global alternativeOrganizational Commitment Questionnaire (OCQ)Commitment companion

Related constructs

Organizational commitmentTurnover intentionPay satisfaction
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