The 17-item classic measuring beliefs about the appropriateness of buying foreign-made products.
| Construct measured | Consumer ethnocentric tendencies |
|---|---|
| Developed by | Shimp & Sharma (1987) |
| Original publication | Shimp, T. A., & Sharma, S. (1987). Consumer ethnocentrism: Construction and validation of the CETSCALE. Journal of Marketing Research, 24(3), 280–289. https://doi.org/10.2307/3151638 |
| Number of items | 17 (a 10-item reduced version is widely used) |
| Response format | 7-point agreement scale (1 = Strongly disagree to 7 = Strongly agree) |
Unidimensional — a single consumer-ethnocentrism factor, replicated in the original four-area US validation and many national samples (some cross-cultural studies report minor multidimensionality).
Alphas are commonly reported around .94–.96 for the 17-item version and low .90s for the 10-item version.
Purified from a large item pool with careful content validation; shows strong test–retest stability, convergent validity with patriotism and conservatism measures, and criterion validity for attitudes toward foreign products and domestic-purchase behavior; validated in dozens of countries.
General consumers; heavily used in international marketing and country-of-origin research.
United States. Translated and validated in most major markets; measurement-invariance testing before cross-country comparison is standard practice.